"The fact that you sincerely and wholeheartedly believe
that the “Law of Gravity” is unconstitutional
and a violation of your sovereign rights,
does not absolve you of adherence to it."
[Anonymous]
SOVEREIGNTY OF THE PEOPLE
The concept of sovereignty stands on its own. The sources shown
below may help you to see that it is a respected and valid
concept.
"...at the Revolution, the sovereignty devolved on the
people; and they are truly the sovereigns of the country, but
they are sovereigns without subjects...with none to govern but
themselves; the citizens of America are equal as fellow citizens,
and as joint tenants in the sovereignty." CHISHOLM v. GEORGIA
(US) 2 Dall 419, 454, 1 L Ed 440, 455 @DALL 1793 pp471-472
The people of this State, as the successors of its former
sovereign, are entitled to all the rights which formerly belonged
to the King by his prerogative. Through the medium of their
Legislature they may exercise all the powers which previous to
the Revolution could have been exercised either by the King
alone, or by him in conjunction with his Parliament; subject only
to those restrictions which have been imposed by the Constitution
of this State or of the U.S.
Lansing v. Smith, 21 D. 89., 4 Wendel 9 (1829) (New York)
"D." = Decennial Digest
Lansing v. Smith, 4 Wend. 9 (N.Y.) (1829), 21 Am.Dec. 89
10C Const. Law Sec. 298; 18 C Em.Dom. Sec. 3, 228;
37 C Nav.Wat. Sec. 219; Nuls Sec. 1`67; 48 C Wharves Sec. 3, 7.
NOTE: Am.Dec.=American Decision, Wend. = Wendell (N.Y.)
California Government Code Sections 11120 and 54950 contain strong statements about the sovereignty of the people.
CALIFORNIA GOVERNMENT CODE
SECTION 11120 et seq.
11120. It is the public policy of this state that public agencies
exist to aid in the conduct of the people's business and the
proceedings of public agencies be conducted openly so that the public
may remain informed.
In enacting this article the Legislature finds and declares that
it is the intent of the law that actions of state agencies be taken
openly and that their deliberation be conducted openly.
The people of this state do not yield their sovereignty to the
agencies which serve them. The people, in delegating authority, do
not give their public servants the right to decide what is good for
the people to know and what is not good for them to know. The people
insist on remaining informed so that they may retain control over
the instruments they have created.
This article shall be known and may be cited as the Bagley-Keene
Open Meeting Act.
CALIFORNIA GOVERNMENT CODE
SECTION 54950 et seq.
54950. In enacting this chapter, the Legislature finds and declares
that the public commissions, boards and councils and the other
public agencies in this State exist to aid in the conduct of the
people's business. It is the intent of the law that their actions be
taken openly and that their deliberations be conducted openly.
The people of this State do not yield their sovereignty to the
agencies which serve them. The people, in delegating authority, do
not give their public servants the right to decide what is good for
the people to know and what is not good for them to know. The people
insist on remaining informed so that they may retain control over
the instruments they have created.
54950.5. This chapter shall be known as the Ralph M. Brown Act.
SOVEREIGNTY
Black's Law Dictionary, Fourth Edition
The power to do everything in a state without accountability,--to make laws, to execute and to apply them, to impose and collect taxes and levy contributions, to make war or peace, to form treaties of alliance or of commerce with foreign nations, and the like. Story, Const. Sec 207
Sovereignty in government is that public authority which directs or orders what is to be done by each member associated in relation to the end of the association. It is the supreme power by which any citizen is governed and is the person or body of persons in teh state to whom there is politically no superior. The necessary existence of the state and that right and power which necessarily follow is "sovereignty." By "sovereignty in its largest sense is meant supreme, absolute, uncontrollable power, the absolute right to govern. The word which by itself comes nearest to being the definition of "sovereignty" is will or volition as applied to political affairs. City of Bisbee v. Cochise County, 52 Ariz. 1, 78 P.2d 982, 986.
STATE
Black's Law Dictionary, Fourth Edition
A People permanently occupying a fixed territory bound together by common-law habits and custom into one body politic exercising, through the medium of an organized government, independent sovereignty and control over all persons and things within its boundaries, capable of making war and peace and of entering into international relations with other communities of the globe. United States v. Kusche, D.C.Cal., 56 F.Supp. 201, 207, 208. The organization of social life which exercises sovereign power in behalf of the people. Delany v. Moraitis, C.C.A.Md., 136 F.2d 129, 130.
California Government Code
Deering's
241. Citizens
The citizens of the State are:
(a) All persons born in the State and residing within it, except
the children of transient aliens and of alien public ministers
and consuls.
(b) All persons born out of the State who are citizens of the
United States and residing within the State.
CONSTITUTIONAL PREAMBLES
Constitution for the United States of America: We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.
1849 California Constitution: WE the people of California, grateful to Almighty God for our freedom: in order to secure its blessings, do establish this Constitution--
1879 State of California Constitution: We, the People of the State of California, grateful to Almighty God for our freedom, in order to secure and perpetuate its blessings, do establish this Constitution.
In all three constitutions (and the constitution of any real republic) the operative word is "establish." The People existed in their own individual sovereignty before the constitution was enabled. When the People "establish" a constitution, there is nothing in the word "establish" that signifies that they have yielded any of their sovereignty to the agency they have created. To interpret otherwise would convert the republic into a democracy (see Republic vs. Democracy; also see conditions of admission of California to the union). Also, see the legislated notice from the People to the government written in the California Government Codes 11120 and 54950 quoted above.
To deprive the People of their sovereignty it is first necessary to get the People to agree to submit to the authority of the entity they have created. That is done by getting them to claim they are citizens of that entity (see Const. for the U.S.A., XIV Amendment, for the definition of a citizen of the United States.)
14 C.J.S. 426, 430
The particular meaning of the word "citizen" is frequently dependent on the context in which it is found[25], and the word must always be taken in the sense which best harmonizes with the subject matter in which it is used[26].
One may be considered a citizen for some purposes and not a citizen for other purposes, as, for instance, for commercial purposes, and not for political purposes[27]. So, a person may be a citizen in the sense that as such he is entitled to the protection of his life, liberty, and property, even though he is not vested with the suffrage or other political rights[28].
[25] Cal.--Prowd v. Gore, 2 Dist. 207 P. 490. 57 C.A. 458.
[26] Cal.--Prowd v. Gore. 2 Dist. 207 P. 490. 57 C.A. 458.
La.--Lepenser v Griffin, 83 So. 839, 146 La. 584
N.Y.--Union Hotel Co. v. Hersee, 79 N.Y. 454
[27] U.S.--The Friendschaft, N.C., 16 U.S. 14, 3 Wheat. 14, 4 L.Ed. 322
--Murray v. The Charming Betsy, 6 U.S. 64, 2 Cranch 64, 2 L.Ed. 208
Md.--Risewick v. Davis, 19 Md. 82
Mass.--Judd v. Lawrence, 1 Cush 531
R.I.--Greeough v. Tiverton Police Com'rs, 74 A 785, 30 R.I. 212
[28] Mass.--Dillaway v. Burton, 153 N.E. 13, 256 Mass. 568
MISCELLANEOUS
"The very meaning of 'sovereignty' is that the decree of the sovereign makes law." American Banana Co. v. United Fruit Co., 29 S.Ct. 511, 513, 213 U.S. 347, 53 L.Ed. 826, 19 Ann.Cas. 1047.
"'Sovereignty' means that the decree of sovereign makes law, and foreign courts cannot condemn influences persuading sovereign to make the decree." Moscow Fire Ins. Co. of Moscow, Russia v. Bank of New York & Trust Co., 294 N.Y.S. 648, 662, 161 Misc. 903.
RESERVATION OF SOVEREIGNTY: "Even if the Tribe's power to tax were derived solely from its power to exclude non-Indians from the reservation, the Tribe has the authority to impose the severance tax. Non-Indians who lawfully enter tribal lands remain subject to a tribe's power to exclude them, which power includes the lesser power to tax or place other conditions on the non-Indian's conduct or continued presence on the reservation. The Tribe's role as commercial partner with petitioners should not be confused with its role as sovereign. It is one thing to find that the Tribe has agreed to sell the right to use the land and take valuable minerals from it, and quite another to find that the Tribe has abandoned its sovereign powers simply because it has not expressly reserved them through a contract. To presume that a sovereign forever waives the right to exercise one of its powers unless it expressly reserves the right to exercise that power in a commercial agreement turns the concept of sovereignty on its head. Merrion v. Jicarilla Apache Tribe; Amoco Production Company v. Jicarilla Apache Indian Tribe, 455 U.S. 130, 131, 102 S.Ct. 894, 71 L.Ed.2d 21 (1981)
State Sovereignty vs. Popular Sovereignty A general discussion of two types of sovereignty, and the relative positions of each.
United States and State of California are two separate
sovereignties, each dominant within its own sphere. Redding v
Los Angeles (1947) 81 CA2d 888, 185 P2d 430, app dismd 334 US
825, 92 L Ed 1754, 68 S Ct 1338
As independent sovereignty, it is State's province and duty to
forbid interference by another state or foreign power with status
of its own citizens. Roberts v Roberts (1947) 81 CA2d 871, 185
P2d 381. Black's Law Dictionary, 4th Ed., p 1300
A county is a person in a legal sense, Lancaster Co. v. Trimble,
34 Neb. 752, 52 N.W. 711; but a sovereign is not; In re Fox, 52
N.Y. 535, 11 Am.Rep. 751; U.S. v. Fox 94 U.S. 315, 24 L.Ed. 192
.... Black's Law Dictionary, 4th Ed., p 1300
A person is such, not because he is human, but because rights and
duties are ascribed to him. The person is the legal subject or
substance of which the rights and duties are attributes. An
individual human being considered as having such attributes is
what lawyers call a "natural person." Pollock, First Book of
Jurispr. 110. Gray, Nature and Sources of Law, ch. II. Black's
Law Dictionary, 4th Edition, p 1300
The terms "citizen" and "citizenship" are distinguishable from
"resident" or "inhabitant." Jeffcott v. Donovan, C.C.A.Ariz.,
135 F.2d 213, 214; and from "domicile," Wheeler v. Burgess, 263
Ky. 693, 93 S.W.2d 351, 354; First Carolinas Joint Stock Land
Bank of Columbia v. New York Title & Mortgage Co., D.C.S.C., 59
F.2d 35j0, 351. The words "citizen" and citizenship," however,
usually include the idea of domicile, Delaware, L.&W.R.Co. v.
Petrowsky, C.C.A.N.Y., 250 F. 554, 557; citizen inhabitant and
resident often synonymous, Jonesboro Trust Co. v. Nutt, 118 Ark.
368, 176 S.W. 322, 324; Edgewater Realty Co. v. Tennessee Coal,
Iron & Railroad Co., D.C.Md., 49 F.Supp. 807, 809; and
citizenship and domicile are often synonymous. Messick v.
Southern Pa. Bus Co., D.C.Pa., 59 F.Supp. 799, 800. Black's Law
Dictionary, 4th Ed., p 310
Domicile and citizen are synonymous in federal courts, Earley v.
Hershey Transit Co., D.C. Pa., 55 F.Supp. 981, 982; inhabitant,
resident and citizen are synonymous, Standard Stoker Co. v.
Lower, D.C.Md., 46 F.2d 678, 683. Black's Law Dictionary, 4th
Ed., p 311
The Constitution emanated from the people and was not the act of
sovereign and independent States.*1 The preamble contemplates
the body of electors composing the states, the terms "people" and
"citizens" being synonymous. Negroes, whether free or slaves,
were not included in the term "people of the United States at
that time.*2
*1 McCulloch v. Maryland, 4 Wheat. 316 [1819]. See also
Chisholm v. Georgia, 2 Dall. 419, 470 [1793]; Penhallow v. Doane,
3 Dall. 54, 93 [1795]; Martin v. Hunter, 1 Wheat. 304, 324
[1816]; Barron v. Baltimore, 7 Pet. 247 [1833].
*2 Scott v. Sandford, 19 How 393, 404 [1857].
The words "sovereign state" are cabalistic words, not understood
by the disciple of liberty, who has been instructed in our
constitutional schools. It is our appropriate phrase when aplied
to an absolute despotism. The idea of sovereign power in the
government of a republic is incompatible with the existence and
foundation of civil liberty and the rights of property. Gaines
v. Buford, 31 Ky. (1 Dana) 481, 501.
Government: Republican Government. One in which the powers of sovereignty are vested in the people and are exercised by the people, either directly, or through representatives chosen by the people, to whom those powers are specially delegated. In re Duncan, 139 U.S. 449, 11 S.Ct. 573, 35 L.Ed. 219; Minor v. Happersett, 88 U.S. (21 Wall.) 162, 22 L.Ed. 627. Black's Law Dictionary, Fifth Edition, p. 626
Democracy. That form of government in which the sovereign power resides in and is exercised by the whole body of free citizens directly or indirectly through a system of representation, as distinguished from a monarchy, aristocracy, or oligarchy. Black's Law Dictionary, Fifth Edition, p. 388
Bond v. U.S. SCOTUS recognizes personal sovereignty, June 16, 2011
MORE LAWNOTES